Middle East | Immigration | Security and travel update: Onward travel options, nationality considerations, and route planning


March 10, 2026

Immigration

Middle East | Security and travel update: Onward travel options, nationality considerations, and route planning 

Summary 

Following our recent alerts on regional security developments, travel disruption, airspace restrictions, land border considerations, and contingency planning, we are issuing this further update to highlight key immigration and travel-planning considerations for individuals assessing possible onward travel or temporary relocation from affected locations in the Middle East. 

The situation remains highly fluid. Ongoing military activity, changing airspace restrictions, airport disruption, evolving government guidance, and nationality-specific entry rules continue to affect travel planning across the region. While some onward movement may be possible in certain cases, available options are highly dependent on nationality, immigration status, documentation, and the operational status of travel routes. 

This note is for situational awareness and contingency planning only. It is not intended to recommend or encourage movement where local authorities or embassies are advising individuals to remain in place. Any movement should only be considered where necessary, lawful, and safe, and only after checking official guidance, route status, border requirements, documentation implications, and local security conditions.

Key updates at a glance

  • Onward travel options remain highly dependent on nationality. Entry options for nearby countries such as Oman and Saudi Arabia may vary significantly depending on passport nationality, GCC residence status, and other qualifying criteria.
  • Family groups may face different outcomes. Where employees and dependents hold different nationalities, eligibility may differ across members of the same family unit.
  • Travel route viability remains a key constraint. Even where an immigration route may exist in principle, flight availability, airspace restrictions, land border operations, and local security conditions may limit whether onward movement is feasible in practice.
  • Turkey may be considered in some cases as a transit point. However, suitability will depend on routing, entry requirements, nationality, and the specific destination area within Turkey.
  • Further case-specific detail is available through our help desk and dashboard. For practical guidance on nationality-based options, route considerations, and operational developments, clients should contact our Crisis Support team and refer to the Rapid Deployment Dashboard

The detail 

1. Nationality and immigration status remain central to onward travel planning

For individuals considering temporary relocation or onward travel from locations affected by recent attacks, nationality, immigration status, and route availability remain key factors when assessing possible options. 

Employers should therefore avoid assuming that an option available to one employee population will apply equally to all impacted travelers or accompanying family members. Entry rules, visa channels, document requirements, and operational outcomes may differ significantly depending on: 

  • Passport nationality 
  • GCC residence permit status 
  • Existing visas issued by third countries 
  • Profession or residence category 
  • Intended method of entry (air or land) 
  • Destination-specific restrictions or screening practices 

Where onward movement is being assessed, options should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. 

2. Oman: Potential short-term option in some cases 

Oman may be a potential short-term travel option for some travelers, depending on nationality and individual eligibility. 

Oman categorizes nationalities into different groups for entry purposes. Depending on the traveler’s profile, options may include visa-free entry for a short stay; eligibility for an electronic visa; or other entry routes based on GCC residence status or the holding of qualifying visas issued by certain third countries. 

Because eligibility and permitted length of stay may vary depending on nationality and status, organizations should ensure that entry criteria are checked carefully before any travel is arranged. 

3. Saudi Arabia: Options may exist, but restrictions remain significant 

Saudi Arabia may also be considered in certain circumstances, including where travelers are assessing access to onward flights from Riyadh or other locations. However, entry options remain highly nationality dependent. 

Some travelers may qualify for an electronic visa or other visa channels depending on nationality, GCC residence status, or the holding of qualifying visas issued by countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, or Schengen Member States. At the same time, certain nationalities may be excluded from some visa channels or may face additional scrutiny during the application process. 

In addition, seasonal travel controls and operational measures may affect visa availability and entry conditions during periods of heightened pilgrimage travel management. Employers should therefore avoid relying on standard visa assumptions without checking the current position for the individual concerned. 

4. Mixed-nationality family groups require separate review 

Where employees or dependents within the same family unit hold different nationalities, visa eligibility and travel options may differ between family members. 

This can affect whether a family can travel together, whether all members can enter the same destination, and whether onward routing remains practical. As a result, family units should not be treated as administratively uniform for movement planning purposes. Separate review may be required for each individual. 

5. Route viability matters as much as immigration eligibility

Even where entry appears possible from an immigration perspective, onward movement may still be constrained by operational practicalities. 

Travelers and employers should assess not only whether a destination country can legally admit the individual, but also whether the route itself is currently viable. This includes reviewing: 

  • Current airspace restrictions 
  • Commercial flight availability 
  • Airport operational status 
  • Land border conditions 
  • Onward connection feasibility 
  • Local security conditions along the route 

Flight routes, airspace status, and land border operations may change quickly depending on the evolving security situation. Travelers should therefore confirm that routes are operational, safe, and accessible before making arrangements or departing. 

6. Airspace restrictions continue to affect regional mobility planning

Flight availability and airspace restrictions remain a major operational factor when assessing onward travel options from the region. 

Several countries across the Middle East have implemented temporary airspace closures, restrictions, or special operating procedures. These measures may affect both commercial flight availability and routing, and airlines may continue to operate reduced schedules, modified routings, or flights requiring special authorization. 

Even where airspace remains partially open, operational controls may lead to delays, retimings, reduced seat availability, longer connection times, and last-minute cancellations. These conditions may affect flights originating in the region as well as those transiting through major Gulf hubs. 

Travelers may therefore experience disruption even where a destination appears reachable in principle. 

7. Turkey: Possible transit option in some scenarios 

Given the ongoing disruption across parts of the Middle East, Turkey has been considered in some cases as a possible transit location where direct travel options remain constrained. 

However, this should be assessed carefully. Suitability will depend on nationality, entry requirements, documentation, route safety, and the intended point of arrival or onward transit within Turkey. Organizations should also remain mindful that security advisories may apply to certain parts of the country, particularly in the southeast, and routing decisions should take these geographic differences into account. 

Where Turkey is being considered as a temporary transit point, whether by air or as part of a wider land-border routing scenario, organizations should assess both the immigration position and the local security context before travel is arranged. 

For land-border considerations specifically, we refer clients to our previous alert, which remains relevant. 

Recommended actions 

We recommend employers continue to: 

  • Identify impacted employees, dependents, and travelers who may be considering onward movement or temporary relocation. 
  • Avoid applying a single-country or single-nationality assumption across mixed employee populations. 
  • Confirm current location, nationality, passport possession, immigration status, and document validity for each affected individual. 
  • Review onward travel options on a case-by-case basis, including destination eligibility, family-member nationality differences, and route viability. 
  • Monitor airline operations, airspace developments, border status, embassy updates, and official travel advisories closely. 
  • Direct employees to seek case-specific guidance before making any movement decision. 
  • Use the Crisis Support help desk and Rapid Deployment Dashboard for more detailed operational guidance and practical next steps. 

Outlook 

The regional aviation and security environment remains in flux. While some travelers may continue to identify onward travel options through nearby transit locations, these options remain uneven, nationality-dependent, and operationally fragile. Additional airspace restrictions, route changes, consular disruption, and government measures may be introduced at short notice. 

We continue to monitor developments closely and will share further updates as official guidance evolves. 

Ongoing support and real-time updates 

We continue to monitor developments closely and will share further updates as official guidance evolves. 

For the latest updates and practical guidance, please refer to our: 

  • Real-time crisis support dashboard (available on request) 

If you require access to the dashboard, please email crisis_support@vialto.com and include: 

  • Name 
  • Organization 
  • Work email address 
  • Relevant Vialto contact (if applicable) 

Contact us 

For immediate assistance or case-specific support, please contact our Crisis Support team at crisis_support@vialto.com, or your usual Vialto contact. 

Want to know when a Regional Alert is posted?

Simply follow our Vialto Alerts page on LinkedIn and posts will be displayed on your feed. To ensure you don’t miss one, once you’re on our LinkedIn page, click on the bell icon under the banner image to manage your notifications.

Further information on Vialto Partners can be found here: www.vialtopartners.com

Vialto Partners (“Vialto”) refers to wholly owned subsidiaries of CD&R Galaxy UK OpCo Limited as well as the other members of the Vialto Partners global network. The information contained in this document is for general guidance on matters of interest only. Vialto is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. All information is provided “as is”, with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this information, and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to warranties of performance, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will Vialto, its related entities, or the agents or employees thereof be liable to you or anyone else for any decision made or action taken in reliance on the information in this document or for any consequential, special or similar damages, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

© 2026 Vialto Partners. All rights reserved.