Japan | Immigration | Immigration reform 2026-2029: Key changes and what they mean for employers and individuals


May 8, 2026

Immigration

Japan | Immigration reform 2026-2029: Key changes and what they mean for employers and individuals

Summary

Japan is implementing a series of significant immigration reforms from April 2026 through to 2029, impacting work visas, permanent residency, naturalization, border controls and application fees.

Overall, these changes reflect a clear shift toward a more selective, compliance-driven immigration system, with stricter eligibility requirements, higher documentation standards, increased costs, and enhanced pre-arrival screening.

The detail

Below is a timeline of the changes:

DateAreaKey Change
April 1, 2026 Intra-Company TransfereesEnhanced corporate documentation & income verification
April 1, 2026    NaturalizationResidency requirement increased from 5 → 10 years
April 15, 2026 Engineer / Specialist in Humanities/ International ServicesDeclaration form + CEFR B2 level language ability

proof requirement for those primarily engaging in interpersonal work using language skills

June 14-15, 2026Residence SystemIntroduction of Specified Residence Card (SRC)
April 1, 2027Permanent ResidencyPR eligibility restricted to 5-year status only
By 2027: TBD (Legislative process ongoing)Government FeesSignificant increase in immigration application fees
By 2029: TBD (Legislative process ongoing)Short-Term VisitorsIntroduction of JESTA pre-arrival authorization
  1. Increased Scrutiny on Intra-Company Transferees (from April 1, 2026)

Significantly enhanced documentation requirements are now in place, particularly for smaller or less-established entities:

  • Certificate of Eligibility and Change of Status applications – Greater focus on corporate legitimacy and operational substance (both overseas and in Japan)
  • Extension of Period of Stay applications – Additional income/tax evidence required where standard documentation is unavailable.
  1. Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services (from April 15, 2026)

Employers will need to provide more robust supporting documentation, with Certificate of Eligibility, Change of Status and Extension of Stay applications subject to increased scrutiny—particularly for smaller or less-established entities:

  • Introduction of a Company Declaration form – applicable where the company representative is not a Japanese national or a Special Permanent Resident
  • Language proficiency requirement (CEFR B2 / JLPT N2 equivalent) for roles involving customer-facing or language-based work.
  1. Strengthened residency and screening requirements for Naturalization (from April 1, 2026)

While there have been no legislative changes, administrative practice has tightened, bringing naturalization requirements more closely in line with permanent residency standards:

  • Minimum residency period has increased from 5 consecutive years to 10 consecutive years (in principle)
  • Expanded review of tax compliance and social insurance contributions, up from 1 years to approximately 5 years and 2 years respectively
  • Greater focus on financial stability, lawful conduct and integration, including basic daily Japanese language ability.

Despite these changes, certain applicants with a special relationship to Japan may benefit from relaxed requirements, including:

  • Individuals born in Japan
  • Spouses of Japanese nationals
  • Children of Japanese nationals
  • Former Japanese nationals
  1. New Digital Residence Card System (June 14-15, 2026)

Introduction of a Specified Residence Card (SRC) integrating both the Residence Card (RC) and the My Number Card into a single card. Residents will have three options:

  • SRC (integrated card)
  • Separate Residence Card (RC) + My Number Card
  • RC only

Under the new system, certain residence-related details—such as period of stay and permission history—will no longer appear on the card surface but will instead be stored electronically within the embedded IC chip. The My Number will be printed on the reverse side. During the transition, some procedures will remain paper-based and require in-person submission, as online processing is not yet fully available.

  1. Permanent Residency Pathway Restricted (from April 1, 2027)

With effect from April 1, 2027, only holders of 5-year visas will be eligible to apply for permanent residence, and 3-year visa holders will generally no longer qualify. Exceptions will apply for those who hold a 3-year status on March 31, 2027.

  1. Pre-Arrival Authorisation for Visitors (JESTA – expected by 2028/29)

Japan aims to introduce JESTA (Japan Electronic System for Travel Authorization), a pre-arrival authorization system similar to ESTA/ ETIAS. JESTA will apply to visa-exempt individuals who intend to engage in short-term stay activities for purposes such as tourism or business trip, including those temporarily staying in Japan for transit or layover purposes. JESTA is currently being developed with the aim of implementation in 2028

  1. Significant Government Fee Increases (under development)

The Cabinet has approved a proposal to revise the immigration fee framework, which was passed by the House of Representatives in late April 2026 and is currently before the House of Councillors. The reforms are designed to increase statutory fee ceilings, with actual fees to be prescribed by Cabinet Order.

Proposed Upper Limits (Legal Framework Change):

Application TypeCurrent FeeProposed Maximum Limit
Change/ Extension of Status (CoS/EXT)JPY 4,000 – 6,000Up to JPY 100,000
Permanent Residence (PR)JPY 8,000 – 10,000Up to JPY 300,000

Expected Fee Structure (Indicative Levels Under Consideration)

Type of Residence StatusIndicative Fee Level
Short-term status

(e.g. 3-month stay)

JPY 10,000
1-year residence statusJPY 20,000 – 30,000
5-year residence statusJPY 70,000
Permanent Residence (PR)JPY 200,000

What this means

Taken together, these changes reflect a decisive shift toward a more rigorous, compliance-driven immigration framework, with higher evidentiary standards, more complex processes and longer planning horizons.

They are consistent with a broader policy emphasis on stronger immigration control, stricter screening and more structured management of foreign nationals, while maintaining access to critical talent.

In practical terms, applications will be subject to greater scrutiny, with less tolerance for incomplete or borderline cases. At the same time, digitalisation initiatives—such as integrated residence cards and pre-arrival authorisation—are being introduced alongside transitional operational complexity, while anticipated fee increases point to a significantly higher cost environment, particularly for long-term residency planning.

Overall, the Japanese immigration system is becoming more selective and resource-intensive, making proactive planning essential.

How we can help

We support our clients by providing proactive, end-to-end immigration advisory and operational support, tailored to evolving regulatory expectations. This includes:

  • Assessing the impact of upcoming changes on your workforce and mobility strategy
  • Advising on optimal visa pathways and long-term planning (including permanent residency considerations)
  • Supporting documentation preparation to meet heightened scrutiny requirements
  • Monitoring regulatory and operational updates and translating them into practical, actionable guidance
  • Managing application processes and liaising with authorities to ensure compliance and efficiency

We continue to engage closely with the relevant authorities and monitor policy developments to ensure our advice remains aligned with the latest practices. As further details emerge, we will continue to keep you informed.

If you would like to discuss how these changes may impact your organisation or employees, please contact your usual Vialto representative.

Contact us

For a deeper discussion on the above, please reach out to your Vialto Partners point of contact, or alternatively:

Noriyuki Tominaga
Partner

Jia Ee
Director

Yuko Furuya
Manager

Soohyang Lee
Senior Associate

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